Dynamic Polymorphism

Introduction

Polymorphism in Java allows the same method name to perform different tasks. Dynamic polymorphism, also known as runtime polymorphism, is achieved through method overriding.

It is a powerful feature that enables flexible and extensible code by allowing method behavior to be determined during runtime.

Understanding Dynamic Polymorphism

Dynamic polymorphism occurs when a subclass provides its specific implementation of a method already defined in its superclass. This is achieved using the @Override annotation, allowing the subclass to define custom behavior while still adhering to the parent class structure.

Syntax of Dynamic Polymorphism

Dynamic polymorphism is implemented using method overriding. It requires the subclass to have a method with the same name, return type, and parameters as its superclass.

Practical Example

The following example demonstrates dynamic polymorphism using method overriding:

Advantages of Dynamic Polymorphism

• Flexibility: Enables dynamic method dispatch, allowing the correct method to be invoked for an object at runtime.
• Extensibility: Simplifies extending classes and adding new behaviors without modifying existing code.
• Polymorphic Behavior: Allows code to work seamlessly with parent and child classes.

Limitations of Dynamic Polymorphism

• Performance Overhead: Method resolution during runtime can be slightly slower compared to compile-time polymorphism.
• Requires Inheritance: Relies heavily on the parent-child class relationship, which can introduce tight coupling.

Best Practices

• Use method overriding only when there is a clear need to modify or enhance behavior in a subclass.
• Annotate overridden methods with @Override to ensure they match the parent class signature.
• Minimize dependency on parent class implementation to avoid tight coupling.

Conclusion

Dynamic polymorphism empowers developers to write flexible, extensible, and maintainable code. By leveraging method overriding, you can adapt class behavior dynamically during runtime, fostering better design and cleaner code.